Rooting ability is an important trait that represents the quality of machine transplanted rice seedling. It is closely associated with the soluble sugar content in seedling and rhizosphere oxygen concentration may have a significant effect on rooting ability of rice seedling before 3-leaf stage. In this study, we used rice seedlings before 3-leaf stage as materials. The growth, soluble sugar content and rooting ability of rice seedlings under low oxygen (0.1 - 1 mg·L-1, LO), medium oxygen (4 - 5 mg·L-1, MO), and high oxygen (7 - 8 mg·L-1, HO) were investigated. The results showed that oxygen concentration had a significant effect on dry matter weight of rice seedlings and the differences among treatments varied as the leaf age increased. In all leaf ages, rice seedlings in MO had the lowest shoot soluble sugar content and the highest root soluble sugar content. At 1-leaf stage, the total length of new roots in the low oxygen treatment (LO) was 3.86 cm and 5.78 cm longer than that in MO and high oxygen (HO), respectively; and the number of new roots in LO was 0.83 and 0.87 higher than that in MO and HO, respectively. However, at 3-leaf stage, the total length of new roots in MO was 3.33 cm longer than that in LO, while that in LO was 3.18 cm longer than in the HO. Our study showed that when the duration is longer than one leaf age, rice seedlings under medium oxygen concentration had the strongest rooting ability. Like LO stress, HO treatment may also be a type of stress to rice seedlings, and its adverse effect on rice seedlings gradually appeared with prolonged treatment duration. This study can provide guidance for cultivating rice seedlings with high rooting ability based on rhizosphere oxygen concentration regulation.

Purpose: To study the homogeneity and precipitation characterization of the subdivisions of the Mahanadi River basin, India. Methodology/Approach: Precipitation characterization was studied using spatial pattern analysis (Eigen-based technique), ap-proaching principal component analysis and keeping three equal timeslot segments for better understanding change. Homogeneity characterization of the subdivisions is accomplished using L-moment and probability weighted moments (PWMs) based heteroge-neity measures. Divisive hierarchical cluster analysis for effective partitioning of the subdivisions. Findings: Heterogeneity (H1) assessment; Upper subdivision U1 (42sites) with H1 - 1.74 (possibly heterogeneous), Middle sub-division M1 (76sites) with H1 - 0.80 (acceptably homogeneous), Two splits of lower subdivision (1) L1 (45sites) with H1 - 0.68 (acceptably homogeneous), (2) L2 (34sites) with H1 - 1.02 (acceptably homogeneous), All the subdivisions were heterogeneous to each other during all timeslot segments with p-value < 0.021, the lower subdivision observed similarity during time slot 1940-1978 and 1979-2017 with p-value - 0.349. The iqr width of the middle subdivision does not change significantly but has a dropping trend suggesting a decrease in precipitation magnitude, and the measure of spread has significantly reduced with some outliers suggesting non-uniformity during segment 3. The lower subdivision with longest rainy months May-October, while November month observed a decreasing magnitude with time. Implications: The characterized precipitation of the subdivisions identified has separate applications and uses. In areas with known precipitation variability, future precipitation forecasting can be abridged for water resource management. Scheduling different crops, agriculture planning, rain-fed and dry farming, and farming calendars are various activities for known precipitation regimes. Importance: The findings are applicable to water resource planning and management in both a practical and scientific manner

Brazil’s main economic performance factor is Agriculture, fo- cused on both the domestic market and exports. Thus, focused on production with traceability, sustainability, research and technol-ogy, the country has excellent conditions to be one of the great agents in reducing hunger in the world. Studies published by the UN estimate that the world population will reach 9.7 billion people in 2050, that is, it will be necessary to increase production, whose foundation is essentially in the sustainable environment.

Mutagenesis is an important breeding strategy to enhance mutation frequency which enables studies of functional genomics and development of new genotypes. An attempt was made to induce mutagenesis into named landraces of french bean viz. Bhaderwah Local (BL) and Poonch Local (PL) with gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) to determine their sensitivity and mutabil-ity. Landrace PL was more sensitive than BL to both the mutagens. The LD50 of germination percentage for BL and PL was determined as 248.058 Gy and 234.167 Gy, respectively. The maximum number of chlorophyll mutants was found in BL than PL to both muta-gens. Gamma rays doses were found to be more effective in both the landraces for the generation of chlorophyll mutants. Mutants in M2 generation of BL screened under 200 Gy and 250 Gy showed high resistance against anthracnose and moderate resistance of EMS induced mutants under 150 Gy and 225 Gy doses. These genetic stocks could be useful for allele mining and creation of variability for widening the genetic base of traditional landraces of french bean

Crises, and the challenges that come with them, may offer up a slew of new opportunities. Agriculture and related industries are critical to the Indian economy. It employs almost half of the work- force and generates approximately one-sixth of national income. It is critical for the nation’s food security and has an impact on the growth of the secondary and tertiary industries via its forward and backward linkages.

Agricultural diversity can be described as a move from regional dominance of one crop towards the production of a large number of crops to meet the growing demand for those crops. This paper examines the crop diversification at district and sample block level in West Bengal, a state in the eastern region of India.

An experiment was conducted at the pot yard of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from February to May 2017 to investigate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen and micronutrients on crop characters, yield attributes and yield of two mungbean genotypes. The experiment comprised four levels of nutrients foliar application like, i) T1 = Control; ii) T2 = Foliar application of urea at the rate of 1.5% four times from flowering start to pod development stage with an interval of 4 days; iii) T3 = T2 + 0.1% micronutrients (B, Mo, Zn, Mn, Ca, Fe, Cu) four times from flowering start to pod development stage with an interval of 4 days and iv) T4 = T3 + side dressing (soil application) of 1.5% N and 0.1% mi-cronutrients solution four times from flowering start to pod development stage with an interval of 4 days. The genotypes were Binamoog-6 and Binamoog-7. Results revealed that morphological (plant height, branch and leaf number, leaf area plant-1), physiological (total dry mass plant-1, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll), yield attributes (number of pods plant-1, pod length, single pod weight, number of seeds pod-1 and 100-seed weight) and yield increased in foliar nutrients applied plants over control but the incre-ment was greater in T2 and T3 than the T4 treatment. The highest plant height, branch and leaf number, leaf area, total dry mass, pod number, pod length, 100-seed weight and seed yield were recorded in T2 followed by T3 with same statistical rank (in most cases). The lowest morpho-physiological, yield attributes and yield were recorded in T1 (control) plants. Binamoog-7 was superior in most of plant parameters and yield compared to Binamoog-6.

This paper presents the thermodynamic analysis of small scale Organic Rankine Cycle under six climatic zones of India namely hot and dry (Jodhpur), hot and humid (Mumbai), moderate (Bangalore), composite (Varanasi), cold and cloudy (Srinagar) and cold and sunny (Leh). The Dry, Wet, and Dry/Wet (Hybrid) cooling towers were selected to predict the power output and thermal efficiency of ORC system. A mathematical model was developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) environment to analyze the effect of month-ly averaged temperature (Tamb) and Relative humidity (RH) on the expander power and thermal efficiency of the ORC system. The expander output of the Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) was 3 kW and the source temperature was fixed at 100 Numerical investigation finds that with the increase in ambient temperature (Tamb) and relative humidity (RH), the expander power and thermal efficiency of the ORC cycle degrades. Results show that the ORC performance was observed maximum in the cold and sunny zone (Leh). For the RH variation the maximum expander power output and efficiency were 3.722 kW and 9.40% with wet cooling tower. Also, with ambient temperature variation the maximum expander power output and efficiency was 3.83 kW and 9.683% with dry mode. The lowest performance of ORC was in the hot and dry zone (Jodhpur). The maximum expander power and efficiency were 2.775 kW and 6.909% with wet mode for the ambient temperature variation. Further the maximum power and efficiency was 2.805 kW and 6.98% with the wet cooling mode as relative humidity varies. The power output and thermal efficiency varies drastically throughout year for Composite zone (Varanasi).

Today, issues of ecology, environmental protection are high- lighted among the global priorities of human activity in all areas, including the operation of agricultural machinery (ACM). It has been proved [1] that the content and emission of harmful compo-nents increases sharply during the worn out engines operation of a mobile ACM, which leads to contamination of agricultural lands, a decrease in the quantity and quality of products and, in general, a deterioration in the environment.

Everyone makes or has ambitions, But only few will succeed, the rest get caught in the gab of intentions and action. Africa is a great continent with lots of prospect. Africa is one of the richest continent in terms of agriculture, minerals and culture but remains the poorest continent. Most Africans don’t accept that real battle grounds is in the mind.